Iran
Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces led by Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts – a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations became strained when a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran in November 1979 and held embassy personnel hostages until mid-January 1981. The US cut off diplomatic relations with Iran in April 1980. During the period 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces.
Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and concerns over possible military dimensions of its nuclear program. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, supported by the Supreme Leader, unelected institutions of authority like the Council of Guardians, and the security services reversed and blocked reform measures while increasing security repression. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran’s elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His controversial reelection in June 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud. These protests were quickly suppressed, and the political opposition that arouse as a consequence of AHMADI-NEJAD’s election was repressed.
Deteriorating economic conditions due primarily to government mismanagement and international sanctions prompted at least two major economically based protests in July and October 2012, but Iran’s internal security situation remained stable. President AHMADI-NEJAD’s independent streak angered regime establishment figures, including the Supreme Leader, leading to conservative opposition to his agenda for the last year of his presidency, and an alienation of his political supporters.
In June 2013 Iranians elected a moderate conservative cleric, Dr. Hasan Fereidun RUHANI to the presidency. He is a long-time senior member in the regime, but has made promises of reforming society and Iran’s foreign policy. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities, but in November 2013 the five permanent members, plus Germany, (P5+1) signed a joint plan with Iran to provide the country with incremental relief from international pressure for positive steps toward transparency of their nuclear program.
Iranian Flag
Geography
Location:
Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
Geographic coordinates:
32 00 N, 53 00 E
Map references:
Middle East
Area:
total: 1,648,195 sq km
country comparison to the world: 18
land: 1,531,595 sq km
water: 116,600 sq km
Area – comparative:
Area comparison map:
Land boundaries:
total: 5,440 km
border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km
Coastline:
2,440 km; note – Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: bilateral agreements or median lines in the Persian Gulf
continental shelf: natural prolongation
Climate:
mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Terrain:
rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point: Kuh-e Damavand 5,671 m
Natural resources:
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur
Land use:
arable land: 10.05%
permanent crops: 1.08%
other: 88.86% (2011)
Irrigated land:
87,000 sq km (2009)
Total renewable water resources:
137 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 93.3 cu km/yr (7%/1%/92%)
per capita: 1,306 cu m/yr (2004)
Natural hazards:
periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes
Environment – current issues:
air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization
Environment – international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Geography – note:
strategic location on the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which are vital maritime pathways for crude oil transport
People & Society
Nationality:
noun: Iranian(s)
adjective: Iranian
Ethnic groups:
Persian 61%, Azeri 16%, Kurd 10%, Lur 6%, Baloch 2%, Arab 2%, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2%, other 1%
Languages:
Persian (official) 53%, Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects 18%, Kurdish 10%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 7%, Luri 6%, Balochi 2%, Arabic 2%, other 2%
Religions:
Muslim (official) 99.4% (Shia 90-95%, Sunni 5-10%), other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian) 0.3%, unspecified 0.4% (2011 est.)
Population:
80,840,713 (July 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
Age structure:
0-14 years: 23.7% (male 9,834,866/female 9,350,017)
15-24 years: 18.7% (male 7,757,256/female 7,341,309)
25-54 years: 46.1% (male 18,955,874/female 18,289,849)
55-64 years: 5.2% (male 2,519,630/female 2,603,458)
65 years and over: 5.1% (male 1,941,692/female 2,246,762) (2014 est.)
Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio: 41.5 %
youth dependency ratio: 33.9 %
elderly dependency ratio: 7.6 %
potential support ratio: 13.1 (2014 est.)
Median age:
total: 28.3 years
male: 28 years
female: 28.6 years (2014 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.22% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
Birth rate:
18.23 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
Death rate:
5.94 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
Net migration rate:
-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
Urbanization:
urban population: 69.1% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas – population:
TEHRAN (capital) 7.304 million; Mashhad 2.713 million; Esfahan 1.781 million; Karaj 1.635 million; Tabriz 1.509 million; Shiraz 1.321 million (2011)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2014 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
21 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 137
Infant mortality rate:
total: 39 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 55
male: 39.53 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 38.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 70.89 years
country comparison to the world: 148
male: 69.32 years
female: 72.53 years (2014 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.85 children born/woman (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
73.3% (2002)
Health expenditures:
6% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 110
Physicians density:
0.89 physicians/1,000 population (2005)
Hospital bed density:
1.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)
Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 97.5% of population
rural: 90.3% of population
total: 95.3% of population
unimproved:
urban: 2.5% of population
rural: 9.7% of population
total: 4.7% of population (2011 est.)
Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 98.7% of population
total: 99.6% of population
unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 1.3% of population
total: 0.4% of population (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate:
0.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS:
70,900 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
HIV/AIDS – deaths:
4,600 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact
with birds (2013)
Obesity – adult prevalence rate:
19.4% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 99
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
4.6% (2004)
country comparison to the world: 92
Education expenditures:
3.7% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 119
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 85%
male: 89.3%
female: 80.7% (2008 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2012)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
total: 23%
country comparison to the world: 48
male: 20.2%
female: 33.9% (2008)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran
conventional short form: Iran
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran
local short form: Iran
former: Persia
Government type:
theocratic republic
Capital:
name: Tehran
geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 51 25 E
time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins fourth Tuesday in March; ends fourth Thursday in September
Administrative divisions:
31 provinces (ostanha, singular – ostan); Alborz, Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Sharqi (East Azerbaijan), Bushehr, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan-e Jonubi (South Khorasan), Khorasan-e Razavi (Razavi Khorasan), Khorasan-e Shomali (North Khorasan), Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Bowyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan
Independence:
1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 16 January 1979 (Shah Reza PAHLAVI flees Iran to escape popular political revolt against his rule); 12 December 1925 (modern Iran established under the PAHLAVI Dynasty); 1905-1907 (constitutional revolution resulting in establishment of a parliament); A.D. 1501 (Iran reunified under the Safavid Dynasty)
National holiday:
Republic Day, 1 April (1979)
Constitution:
previous 1906; latest adopted 24 October 1979, effective 3 December 1979; amended 1989 (2013)
Legal system:
religious legal system based on secular and Islamic law
International law organization participation:
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)
head of government: President Hasan Fereidun RUHANI (since 3 August 2013); First Vice President Eshaq JAHANGIRI (since 5 August 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the Supreme Leader has some control over appointments to the more sensitive ministries
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
note: also considered part of the Executive branch of government are three oversight bodies: 1) Council of Guardians of the Constitution or Council of Guardians or Guardians Council (Shora-ye Negban-e Qanon-e Asasi) determines whether proposed legislation is both constitutional and faithful to Islamic law, vets candidates in popular elections for suitability, and supervises national elections; 2) Assembly of Experts (Majles-e Khoebregan), an elected consultative body of senior clerics constitutionally mandated to select, appoint, supervise, and dismiss the Supreme Leader; 3) Expediency Council or the Council for the Discernment of Expediency (Majma-ye- Tashkhis-e -Maslahat-e- Nezam) resolves legislative issues when the Majles and the Council of Guardians disagree and since 1989 has been used to advise national religious leaders on matters of national policy; in 2005 the Council’s powers were expanded to act as a supervisory body for the government
elections: supreme leader appointed for life by the Assembly of Experts; president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term and additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 14 June 2013 (next presidential election to be held in June 2017)
election results: Hasan Fereidun RUHANI 50.7%, Mohammad Baqer QALIBAF 16.5%, Saeed JALILI 11.4%, Mohsen REZAI 10.6%, Ali Akber VELAYATI 6.2%, other 4.6%
Legislative branch:
unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami or Majles (290 seats; members elected by popular vote from single and multimember districts to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 2 March 2012 (first round); second round held on 4 May 2012; (next election to be held in 2016)
election results: percent of vote by party – NA; seats by party – NA
Judicial branch:
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a president and NA judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the Supreme Judicial Council in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a 5-year term; other judge appointments and tenure NA
subordinate courts: Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts
Political parties and leaders:
note: formal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon in Iran and most conservatives still prefer to work through political pressure groups rather than parties; often political parties or coalitions are formed prior to elections and disbanded soon thereafter; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd Khordad Front, which includes political parties as well as less formal groups and organizations, achieved considerable success in elections for the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition included the Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic Labor Party, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society (MCS; Ruhaniyun); the coalition participated in the seventh Majles elections in early 2004 but boycotted them after 80 incumbent reformists were disqualified; following his defeat in the 2005 presidential elections, former MCS Secretary General and sixth Majles Speaker Mehdi KARUBI formed the National Trust Party; a new conservative group, Islamic Iran Developers Coalition (Abadgaran), took a leading position in the new Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February 2004; ahead of the 2008 Majles elections, traditional and hardline conservatives attempted to close ranks under the United Front of Principlists and the Broad Popular Coalition of Principlists; several reformist groups, such as the MIRO and the IIPF, also came together as a reformist coalition in advance of the 2008 Majles elections; the IIPF has repeatedly complained that the overwhelming majority of its candidates were unfairly disqualified from the 2008 elections
Political pressure groups and leaders:
groups that generally support the Islamic Republic:
Ansar-e Hizballah
Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader
Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh)
Islamic Engineers Society
Tehran Militant Clergy Association (MCA; Ruhaniyat)
active pro-reform student group:
Office of Strengthening Unity (OSU)
opposition groups:
Freedom Movement of Iran
Green Path movement [Mehdi KARUBI, Mir-Hosein MUSAVI]
Marz-e Por Gohar
National Front
various ethnic and monarchist organizations
armed political groups repressed by the government:
Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI)
Harekat-e Ansar-e Iran (splinter faction of Jundallah)
Jaysh l-Adl (formerly known as Jundallah)
Komala
Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO)
People’s Fedayeen
People’s Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK)
International organization participation:
CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, SAARC (observer), SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
none; note – Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Pakistani Embassy, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007; telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073
Diplomatic representation from the US:
none; note – the US Interests Section is located in the Embassy of Switzerland No. 39 Shahid Mousavi (Golestan 5th), Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran; telephone [98] 21 2254 2178/2256 5273; FAX [98] 21 2258 0432
Flag description:
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah in the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom) in red is centered in the white band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band; green is the color of Islam and also represents growth, white symbolizes honesty and peace, red stands for bravery and martyrdom
National symbol(s):
lion
National anthem:
name: “Soroud-e Melli-ye Jomhouri-ye Eslami-ye Iran” (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran)
Economy
Economy – overview:
Iran’s economy is marked by statist policies, an inefficient state sector, and reliance on oil, a major source of government revenues. Price controls, subsidies, and other distortions weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth. Private sector activity is typically limited to small-scale workshops, farming, some manufacturing, and services. Significant informal market activity flourishes and corruption is widespread.
New fiscal and monetary constraints on Tehran, following the expansion of international sanctions in 2012 against Iran’s Central Bank and oil exports, significantly reduced Iran’s oil revenue, forced government spending cuts, and fueled a 60% currency depreciation. Economic growth turned negative in 2012 and 2013, for the first time in two decades. Iran continues to suffer from double-digit unemployment and underemployment.
Lack of job opportunities has convinced many educated Iranian youth to seek jobs overseas, resulting in a significant “brain drain.” However, the election of President Hasan RUHANI in June 2013 brought about widespread expectations of economic improvements and greater international engagement among the Iranian public, and early in Ruhani’s term the country saw a strengthened national currency and a historic boost to market values at the Tehran Stock Exchange.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$987.1 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
$1.002 trillion (2012 est.)
$1.021 trillion (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$411.9 billion (2013 est.)
GDP – real growth rate:
-1.5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 208
-1.9% (2012 est.)
3% (2011 est.)
GDP – per capita (PPP):
$12,800 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
$13,200 (2012 est.)
$13,600 (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars
Gross national saving:
30.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
30.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
36.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
GDP – composition, by end use:
household consumption: 45.4%
government consumption: 14.1%
investment in fixed capital: 31.1%
investment in inventories: 1.2%
exports of goods and services: 20.8%
imports of goods and services: -12.7%
(2013 est.)
GDP – composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 10.6%
industry: 44.9%
services: 44.5% (2013 est.)
Agriculture – products:
wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, sugarcane, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar
Industries:
petroleum, petrochemicals, fertilizers, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and non-ferrous metal fabrication, armaments
Industrial production growth rate:
-5.2% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 191
Labor force:
27.72 million
country comparison to the world: 23
note: shortage of skilled labor (2013 est.)
Labor force – by occupation:
agriculture: 16.9%
industry: 34.4%
services: 48.7% (2012 est.)
Unemployment rate:
16% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
15.5% (2012 est.)
note: data are according to the Iranian Government
Population below poverty line:
18.7% (2007 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 29.6% (2005)
Distribution of family income – Gini index:
44.5 (2006)
country comparison to the world: 45
Budget:
revenues: $47.84 billion
expenditures: $66.38 billion (2013 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
11.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-4.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
Public debt:
18.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
18.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
note: includes publicly guaranteed debt
Fiscal year:
21 March – 20 March
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
42.3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 221
30.5% (2012 est.)
note: official Iranian estimate
Central bank discount rate:
NA%
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
12% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
11% (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
$26.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
$42.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of broad money:
$65.02 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
$104.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
$42.32 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
$77.74 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
$140.8 billion (31 December 2012)
$107.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Current account balance:
-$8.659 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
-$9.333 billion (2012 est.)
Exports:
$61.22 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
$67.04 billion (2012 est.)
Exports – commodities:
petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets
Exports – partners:
China 22.1%, India 11.9%, Turkey 10.6%, South Korea 7.6%, Japan 7.1% (2012)
Imports:
$64.42 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
$70.03 billion (2012 est.)
Imports – commodities:
industrial supplies, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services
Imports – partners:
UAE 33.2%, China 13.8%, Turkey 11.8%, South Korea 7.4% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$68.06 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
$74.06 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Debt – external:
$15.64 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
$17.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment – at home:
$41.45 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
$37.31 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment – abroad:
$3.645 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
$3.345 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Exchange rates:
Iranian rials (IRR) per US dollar –
18,517.2 (2013 est.)
12,175.5 (2012 est.)
10,254.18 (2010 est.)
9,864.3 (2009)
9,142.8 (2008)
note: Iran devalued its currency in July 2013
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